Publishing transaction data is the largest recurring cost most rollups face, and a competitive market has formed around supplying it.
Options range from posting directly to the settlement layer — expensive but maximally secure — to dedicated availability networks with sampling-based guarantees at a fraction of the price.
The trade-off is not merely financial. A rollup that publishes elsewhere inherits a weaker guarantee that its data can be reconstructed if operators disappear, which affects how users exit.
Several networks have adopted hybrid designs, posting compressed commitments to the settlement layer while distributing full data through a sampling network.
